The Promise of Democracy: The Light at the End of the Tunnel for South Africa's 2024 National Election
By Tara Roos
The 2024 national election in South Africa marks a historic moment in the nation's democratic journey. For the first time in 30 years, the African National Congress (ANC) fell below a majority, securing only 40.18% of the vote. This unprecedented outcome has compelled the ANC to form a Government of National Unity (GNU). While some view this as a troubling sign of instability, there is a strong argument to be made that this election is a beacon of democratic resilience and hope for the future.
Many South Africans have expressed dissatisfaction with the election outcome, the GNU, and the country's future. South Africa's parliament re-elected Cyril Ramaphosa as president following a landmark coalition deal between the ANC and opposition parties. The new government combines Ramaphosa's ANC, the centre-right Democratic Alliance (DA), and smaller parties. In his victory speech, Ramaphosa emphasised cooperation for the nation's good. The coalition was finalised after a dramatic day in the National Assembly, ending weeks of speculation about the ANC's partnership after losing its parliamentary majority for the first time in 30 years, securing 40% of the vote to the DA's 22%. ANC secretary-general Fikile Mbalula called the deal a "remarkable step," allowing Ramaphosa to retain power and allocate cabinet positions, including DA members. The multi-party agreement excludes two ANC breakaway parties, which may benefit if economic improvements demanded by voters are not met. Despite concerns, many South Africans hope this coalition will succeed. Historically, the ANC always polled above 50% following the first democratic elections in 1994, but support has waned due to corruption, unemployment, and crime. Reflecting on the ANC's first presidential victory, Ramaphosa called for unity and reconciliation. The unprecedented alliance with the DA, a long-time rival, marks a significant shift. DA leader John Steenhuisen heralded the coalition as a historic new chapter, while Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema criticised it as consolidating white monopoly power. The DA, often accused of protecting white economic privileges, denies these charges. South Africa's ability to manage this political shift peacefully underscores its democratic maturity and the resilience of its civil society, serving as a hopeful example for other nations.
This election is not just a typical outcome; it marks a significant departure from South Africa's political landscape. As the first non-majority coalition in the country's modern history, it represents a pivotal moment in its democratic evolution. Despite encountering minor electoral issues, South Africa demonstrated its unwavering dedication to democratic values by conducting a free and fair election. This process showcased the resilience and effectiveness of its democratic institutions, solidifying the nation's reputation as a beacon of democracy on the African continent.
The former ruling party, historically synonymous with the struggle for liberation, exhibited remarkable statesmanship by gracefully accepting its diminished mandate. Rather than resorting to undemocratic tactics or clinging to power, the party acknowledged the will of the electorate and facilitated a peaceful transition of power. In a region where political transitions often breed instability and conflict, South Africa's ability to navigate this shift without incident underscores its unwavering commitment to democratic principles.
In contrast to South Africa's peaceful political transition, many African nations have struggled with similar shifts, often descending into chaos. Zimbabwe's 2017 transition from Robert Mugabe's rule resulted in continued instability and economic hardship, with military involvement raising concerns about democratic principles. Kenya's 2007 disputed election led to violence and civil unrest, exposing deep ethnic divisions and fragile democratic institutions. The Democratic Republic of Congo's 2018 election was marred by allegations of fraud, leading to persistent tension and unrest. South Sudan's post-independence power struggles escalated into a brutal civil war, highlighting the dangers of failed transitions.
While the election results may not be ideal for everyone, they offer a silver lining by reflecting a maturing democracy capable of self-correction and renewal. This peaceful transition shows that South Africa can adapt and evolve, maintaining stability amidst significant political changes. It serves as a reminder that democracy is a continuous process, requiring active participation and vigilance from all sectors of society. Despite the uncertainties ahead, South Africa's resilient nature and the determination of its people will guide the nation forward. The struggle for democracy has been a long journey, but it is one that we must never abandon.